What is the term for a chemical reaction that allows materials to absorb heat?

The term for a chemical reaction that allows materials to absorb heat is referred to as endothermic. In an endothermic reaction, the system absorbs energy from its surroundings, typically in the form of heat. This process often results in a temperature drop in the immediate environment, as energy is drawn in to facilitate the reaction.

For instance, in certain chemical processes like photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight (a form of energy) to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This characteristic of absorbing heat distinguishes endothermic reactions from exothermic reactions, which release heat and raise the temperature of their surroundings. Understanding this principle is crucial in fields such as chemistry and materials science, where controlling temperature is often essential for successful reactions or processes.